Guideline for additional requirements for industrial estates

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Guideline for 
 
additional requirements 
 
for industrial estates 
Stand: 12.04.2022 
 
This guideline sets additional requirements 
outside the technical and legal regulations 
for traffic, people and nature 
 
 
 
 
Creator: 
 
Dipl. Ing. Jürgen Mülders 
41066 Mönchengladbach 
Created:  05.04.2022 
E-Mail: juergen.muelders@t-online.de 
 
 
 
  
 Commercial areas: Building in several storeys 
  
Adequate roads for all road users 
 
  
New opportunities for cycling 
Lighting concept for people and nature  
 
Links and further details : 
https://planungspraxis.bund-
wiki.de/index.php/Anwendungsbeispiele_aus_rechtsverbindlichen_Bebauungspl%C3
%A4nen

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Table of contents 
Part I Traffic engineering view of a commercial area ............................................................................ 3 
1. Railway siding for freight and passenger traffic ............................................................................ 3 
2. Motorway access with or without local crossings ......................................................................... 4 
3. other feeder roads, with or without through-roads ........................................................................ 5 
4. public transport terminations and stops ......................................................................................... 5 
5. footpaths and cycle paths to the industrial estate .......................................................................... 6 
6. traffic-related conclusion ................................................................................................................. 6 
Part II Description of the requirements for a commercial area ............................................................ 7 
1. requirements for the roads in the commercial area - internal traffic concept ................................ 7 
2. requirements for social standards and parking concept................................................................ 10 
3. requirements for the employees in the business park .................................................................. 10 
4. requirements for development possibilities (development plan) and climate protection. ........... 11 
5. requirements for the green spaces in the commercial area .......................................................... 11 
6. requirements for drainage in the commercial area ....................................................................... 12 
7. requirements for the utility connections of the commercial area ................................................. 12 
8. cost perspective ............................................................................................................................. 12 
9. climate perspective ........................................................................................................................ 13 
Part III Requirements for business premises ....................................................................................... 14 
1. basic requirement for the ownership structure ............................................................................ 14 
2. general requirements for interested parties of a business premises ............................................ 14 
3. requirements for the land areas, traffic areas, green areas and boundary installations ............... 14 
3.1 Sketches for operational buildings and the use in floors ........................................................ 15 
3.2  Sketches for a company plot ................................................................................................... 16 
4. requirements for parking spaces and places for deliveries......................................................... 16 
5. building precautions flood protection ........................................................................................... 17 
6. requirements for the boundary fortifications ................................................................................ 17 
 
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Part I Traffic engineering view of a commercial area 
 
This document describes the requirements for commercial areas. The building regulations, codes of 
practice, DIN standards and laws are not listed here, as these are assumed to be known. Should 
contradictions arise, the regulations take precedence. 
The questions and descriptions listed should lead to an assessment of whether a commercial area at 
this location makes sense from an ecological and traffic point of view. Furthermore, it should be 
shown what benefits this industrial estate would bring to the people who work, live and reside here. 
The perimeter to be considered concerns all those who can expect a change and must be included. 
This also applies to the necessary compensation areas. 
 
If new commercial areas are needed, the existing commercial areas should first be checked to see 
if the 1st or 2nd floor, (as with residential buildings) can be used: building over the buildings, the 
halls, the parking spaces and the traffic areas. (Gem. III 3.1) 
 
The finite topsoil: 
 
"The development of a one-centimetre-thick humus-rich soil layer can take between 100 and 300 
years - but can be lost to erosion in a single heavy thunderstorm rain."  
"While arable soils store an average of about 95 tonnes of carbon per hectare, an average of 181 
tonnes per hectare is sequestered under permanent grassland." 
Entwicklung des Bodens | Umweltbundesamt 
 
https://www.landwirtschaft.de/landwirtschaft-verstehen/wie-funktioniert-landwirtschaft-heute/wie-
viel-co2-binden-landwirtschaftliche-boeden  
 
 
1. Railway siding for freight and passenger traffic 
 
1. Freight transport by rail. 
In principle, from an ecological point of view, freight traffic should be transported by rail. 
The following questions and assessments are to be documented:  
 
a. Where is the nearest siding, or where is siding possible and when is it feasible? 
b. Where is the nearest rail siding that would allow craneable and non-craneable trucks 
to be transferred to rail, and how can this be achieved? 
c. Is there a freight station at a maximum distance of approx. 50 km that can be 
reached without passing through a town and that can transfer crane and non-crane 
trucks to wagons or similar? 
d. Are the existing or possible tracks able to meet the requirements of the planned 
commercial area? E.g. 8,000 lorries are expected daily, 3.5 - 40 tonnes. Can these 
quantities be accommodated by rail: Loading equipment, freight wagons and train 
units? 
e. What connections are there for inter-urban connections, to ports, major cities, major 
freight stations? 
f. Headways are to be listed, journey time problems and other possibilities are to be 
presented, 
g. If new construction is necessary, a corresponding timetable must be drawn up and 
interim solutions must be described and evaluated (new line construction takes at 
least 10 years). 
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h. Are there possibilities to build a freight station over a passenger station or over 
existing tracks, i.e. use of the second floor, possibly with known flyover structures. HGV 
traffic must be shifted to rail for environmental and economic reasons. 
 
 
2. passenger transport by rail 
The following issues and assessments are to be documented: 
  
a. Where is the nearest passenger station and how can it be reached barrier-
free from each business. 
b. What trains run here at what times, timetable data, and to where. 
c. Can the number of employees and their working hours and shift times be 
accommodated (can the planned e.g. 4,000 employees travel to and from 
work by train, shift times)? 
d. Is there secure parking for bicycles at both sites, company and station, 
e. What are the journey times by bike or bus from the station to the company? 
Issue of safe walking and cycling routes. (see also cycle paths) 
 
 
2. Motorway access with or without local crossings 
 
The following questions and assessments shall be documented: 
 
a. Is the motorway access accessible without passing through the town? 
b. What is the distance to the motorway junction without through-town traffic, 
km and travel time? 
c. Are new roads required for the motorway connection? Who bears the costs 
and provides the maintenance? Current guidelines for footpaths and cycle 
paths (RAST 06, ERA, EFA and H-RVS etc.) must be observed for these new 
constructions. 
d. What additional benefits does the new road construction bring to the 
people? 
e. An ecological report is to be prepared for these new constructions, in which 
the ecological footprint is calculated and evaluated.

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3. other feeder roads, with or without through-roads 
 
The following questions and assessments are to be documented: 
 
1.  are the access roads adequate to accommodate the traffic volumes, including 
footpaths and cycle tracks, also for cargo bikes, 3-wheelers and bicycles with 
trailers? 
2.  are the surrounding intersections sufficiently developed? 
3.  are the footpath and cycle path crossings at the intersections sufficiently and 
quickly usable for these volumes? 
4.  how can these intersections be improved without adding more sealed 
surfaces? 
5.  if, for example, 5,000 jobs are built, how will these people get to their jobs in 
a short time by car? Possibly 4,000 vehicles will have to be guided in the 
morning and 4,000 vehicles in the evening. In addition, there are the planned 
arrivals and departures of HGVs (an example from Elmpt, 8,000 HGVs daily, 
3.5 to 40 tonnes). 
6)  How will the lorry traffic be routed, up to the motorway or the goods station? 
Which residential areas are additionally burdened, which school routes, etc.? 
Are these roads sufficiently dimensioned, including the footpaths and cycle 
paths, also for cargo bikes, 3-wheelers and bicycles with trailers? 
 
 
4. public transport terminations and stops 
 
The following questions and assessments are to be documented: 
 
1.  are there sufficient routes planned in the commercial area, including express 
buses and metro buses?  
2.  when are the routes in the business park operational? 
3.  are sufficient stops planned for employees in the commercial area? 
4.  reserve stops for extensions must be planned, 
5.  the longer the walking distance from the workplace to the bus stop, including 
changing and personal hygiene, the earlier the buses must arrive and the 
later they must leave. 30 minutes is a short time for the sometimes long walk 
from the workplace to the bus stop.  
6. If, for example, about 5,000 people work in this industrial estate and only 
1,000 are on shift duty (06:00 to 22:00), 500 people would have to arrive 
from the surrounding area at about 05:30, that is 10 articulated buses with 
55 seats, or 12 normal buses with 43 seats each.  
7.  10 articulated buses or 12 normal buses would also have to take the people 
home around 22:30, including the corresponding connections. Journey times 
of approx. 1.5 hours have to be taken into account. Can this be provided? 
8)  How are the neighbouring villages and residents affected by these buses?  
Noise surveys must be carried out if approx. 5 buses pass through the town 
at 11 p.m. 10, 
10.  if the public transport system is unable to provide this service, car journeys 
will increase accordingly and place an even greater burden on the villages. 
  
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5. footpaths and cycle paths to the industrial estate 
 
The following questions and assessments are to be documented: 
 
Note from the StVO: Two-lane bicycles do not have to ride on a cycle track, they are allowed 
to use the road. Therefore, special emphasis is to be placed on the development of cycle 
paths. 
 
1.  footpaths and cycle paths are to be upgraded in accordance with RAST 06, 
ERA and EFA, as well as H-RSV from 2021. The intersections are to be clearly 
structured and marked for the different road users.  
2. The access roads to the business park are to be upgraded especially for 
pedestrian and bicycle traffic, including cargo bikes, in order to safely 
accommodate the greater demand. 
 
  
 
3. crossings should be provided with zebra crossings at all junctions, and traffic 
lights should be installed according to demand. A permanent green light for 
pedestrians should be planned, which only changes when other road users 
need it. 
4. roundabouts should be modified or removed accordingly. Roundabouts have 
considerable disadvantages for cyclists. 3. 
5.  free right turns should also be reduced in order to reduce the speed at which 
cyclists turn. 
6. Accessibility must be guaranteed. 
7.  the lowering of driveways should be done according to Figure 3 of the EFA 
2002, page 14. 
 
 
6. traffic-related conclusion 
 
The individual points are summarised and a corresponding conclusion is drawn. 
 
Text from another assessment as an example: 
 
"From a transport and climate point of view, this business park is "not" feasible at 
this location and the economic viability is "not" proven. It leads to ongoing burdens 
for the communities that are "not" listed. The health problems of the residents are 
also "not" listed. 
Therefore, it should be relocated: 
1. one site would be ... 
2. another site ..."

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Alternative sites are to be listed with corresponding advantages and disadvantages.Für die 
Alternativen sind folgende Daten erforderlich: 
1  A railway siding must be available, or it must be possible to realise it quickly, 
i.e. it must be close by, possibly with new tracks, not in 10 years' time. 
2  A railway siding for loading crane and non-crane trucks must be accessible 
within a range of approx. 50 km without passing through a town, 
3.  at least one motorway access point must be accessible without passing 
through towns. 
4.  efficient public transport must be available in time for the existing working 
hours and the number of employees. 
 
New infrastructures must be kept as low as possible from the point of view of the climate 
and environmental impact as well as the burden on local residents.. 
 
 
 
Part II Description of the requirements for a commercial area  
 
1. requirements for the roads in the commercial area - internal traffic concept 
 
In the commercial area, a 30 zone or bicycle zone with additional signs is to be 
established. If right-of-way is planned, a bicycle lane can be established. 
Here are some notes on the road cross-sections: 
 
1. Standard I 
 
  
a.  Standard I should be used, as here the lorry drivers stand directly on the footpath, 
can take their break there and do not disturb the cycling traffic, or are not disturbed 
themselves. Furthermore, controls, e.g. rounds, should be carried out to make the 
lorry safer for all road users. 
b. With wallboxes and power connection at the lampposts, the lorries can also use the 
power connection during short breaks, waiting times, also for refrigerated lorries. 
Appropriate fuses (trip protection) for the cable connection should be considered. 
(e.g. cable bridges, slewing cranes). 
c. As not every road has this requirement, these are to be adapted accordingly. Safety 
strips must not be dispensed with.

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d. Freight bikes are to be considered for all cycle lanes. For bicycle parking spaces, these 
large cargo bikes are to be considered, also for short-term use by suppliers. 
 
2. Standard II 
 
Standard II represents the minimum dimension of a commercial road, without 
parking areas. A street should not be smaller, the separation areas at the edges are 
also calculated for the gullies. Freight bikes are to be considered as before Standard I. 
 
  
3. curve radii 
 
Hier die Daten für die Kurvenradien der LKWs an Kreuzungen und Einfahrten zu den 
Firmen: 
 
 (Ausschnitt aus Neufert) 
 
 
4.  roundabouts 
Roundabouts should not be built in commercial areas, as they severely disadvantage 
cycling and lead to more accidents involving cyclists. The exception to this would be if 
motorised traffic were to be routed above or below the roundabout on the second 
level, but this is ruled out for cost reasons.

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5.   traffic lights 
 
Traffic lights should respond to demand and not use fixed timings. They should also 
react to pedestrian and cyclist traffic and stay below 20 seconds waiting time or react 
immediately. If necessary, all intersections and junctions can be equipped with traffic 
lights, which considerably reduces the risk of accidents. Permanent green lights can 
also be used. Cycle and pedestrian lanes should be installed at all junctions. 
 
 
6.  crossings, junctions 
 
Free right turns should not be built because of the increased accidents with 
pedestrian and bicycle traffic. The curve radii should be sufficient for HGVs, without 
using the opposite lanes, but at the same time slow down the curve movements to 
walking speed. 
All lanes at intersections and junctions shall be marked with at least shark's teeth. At 
traffic lights, cycle and pedestrian lanes are to be provided at all directions, including 
zebra crossings where appropriate. The lanes are to retain all widths according to 
Standards I and II, and the lanes for cyclists are to be marked completely in red in the 
intersection area.  
Here are two examples of intersections that should be uniform for each commercial 
area: 
  
 
 
7.  foot and cycle traffic 
 
Special importance is to be given to pedestrian and bicycle traffic. Sufficient width 
and safe paths should be provided here in accordance with the current guidelines 
Rast06, EFA and ERA.  
With the large number of HGVs and car traffic of employees and guests, pedestrian 
and bicycle traffic plays a minor role and thus bears the greater risk. The narrowness 
of the roads, the many entrances and exits and the manoeuvring, as well as the 
intersections, require greater attention to the weakest road users and uninterrupted 
conspicuous marking of the paths when designing the traffic routes. 
1.  the cycle paths of the commercial area should be connected to the cycle 
paths of the surrounding area without interruption. Existing cycle priority 
routes or cycle fast lanes must be connected without interruption. 
2.  cargo bicycles, tricycles, bicycles with trailers are to be taken into account so 
that they can ride on the cycle paths and be overtaken. (According to the 
StVO, these do not have to use the cycle path).

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3  The commercial area is to be included in the cycle node network accordingly, 
4.  the footpaths of the commercial area are to be connected to the footpaths of 
the surrounding area without interruption. 
5.  all footpaths are to be made barrier-free in accordance with the standards, 
6.  the setback at property entrances is to be created in accordance with Figure 
3 of the EFA 2002, page 14, 
7.  footpaths must take into account wheelchair, pushchair, etc. encounters. 
 
 
2. requirements for social standards and parking concept 
 
Requirements of the truck drivers in the area of social standards: 
1.  separate sanitary rooms, according to the standards of e.g. campsites with 
approx. 4 stars and the Personal Status Act, 
2.  comfortable recreation rooms,  
3.  recreational rooms, according to the needs, 
4.  outdoor facilities with recreational quality and circular paths incl. trimming 
equipment etc., these should also be available for use by employees, 
5.  space for quiet, noise-protected overnight stays, sleeping places, 
6.  make provisions for the planned EU requirement to only allow overnight 
stays outside the lorry, 
7.  place sufficient rubbish bins, which will be emptied continuously, on the 
entire site, 
8.  free WLAN on the entire site in accordance with current technical 
possibilities, 
9.  sufficient parking and waiting spaces in the public area with a loading bay, 
10.  drawing up a traffic concept for safe pedestrian and bicycle traffic, 
11.  take into account manoeuvring and turning possibilities for lorries, 
12.  place multilingual signs indicating garages and petrol stations in the 
surrounding area, 
13.  place multilingual signs indicating shopping facilities and restaurants and 
food delivery services, 
14.  multilingual information on overnight accommodation, with travel options, 
e.g. bicycle rental, taxi, etc. 
 
 
3. requirements for the employees in the business park 
 
A concept must be drawn up for how the planned employees can reach the workplace, other 
than by car.  
a. Bus lines, train lines have to be established and have to be aligned with the working 
hours in the planned enterprises. Shift times must be planned for. 
b. Job tickets should be offered to all employees, covering at least 30% of the ticket 
costs, and they should also be available for private use. Adjustments with co-
payments should be made possible in order to bring as many people as possible to 
public transport. 
c. Furthermore, financial offers for bicycles, also with trailers, cargo bikes and tricycles 
for all employees should be developed so that people can switch to bicycles. Socially 
adapted offers should be developed.  
d. The construction of a day-care centre for children with siblings, OGATA or similar 
should be planned. Furthermore, a sufficiently large public children's playground is to 
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be planned, according to the working hours of the employees; alternatively, places in 
the neighbourhood with appropriate travel possibilities can be provided. 
e. Service facilities such as canteens, sports shops, small supermarkets and leisure 
facilities, high-quality recreational areas with a high ecological function as well as 
local supply facilities should be planned. 
 
 
4. requirements for development possibilities (development plan) and climate 
protection. 
 
The individual plots of land should allow for multiple different uses at different levels. 
This also applies to the public roads and streets. This should enable the area to be used 
better and more economically and put a stop to the waste of land and soil resources. 
Climate protection has priority here. 
 
If new commercial areas are needed, the existing commercial areas should first be 
examined to see if the 1st or 2nd floor (as with residential buildings) can be used. Build 
over the buildings, halls, parking areas and traffic areas. (Gem. II 3.1) 
 
 
5. requirements for the green spaces in the commercial area 
 
An overall concept for sufficient green spaces on the site to cool down the huge sealed areas 
is to be created, furthermore: 
 
1.  for every 4 parking spaces, a tree slice is to be created with a large-crowned 
tree. 2, 
2.  unused traffic areas are to be doubled for tree sheaths of at least 5.50 m in 
diameter, 
3.  overnight accommodation areas for lorry drivers are to be constructed so as 
to be protected from noise. 4, 
4.  a green strip of at least 1.50 m should be laid out and continuously 
maintained between the boundary installations of the company's properties 
and the footpaths, 
5.  in the course of the access roads, site-appropriate, large-crowned deciduous 
trees with a minimum trunk circumference of 18-20 cm are to be planted. For 
each tree, an open ground area with a minimum diameter of 5.50 m is to be 
planted permanently with ground-covering vegetation consisting of site-
appropriate perennials or woody plants or with grasses and herbs.  
6. The internal road traffic area is to be planted in an alley-like manner with 
site-appropriate large deciduous trees (final height of growth > 20 m). 
(according to the planting list) 
7  Trees and shrubs that have died and trees that are to be felled are to be 
replaced in the following planting period by woody plants in accordance with 
the planting list. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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6. requirements for drainage in the commercial area 
 
The standards for the drainage systems are assumed to be known. The specifications are set 
out beyond this: 
a. All paved surfaces on which vehicles travel will be cleaned on the property with 
appropriate drainage systems and maintained and serviced on an ongoing basis, in 
accordance with DIN standards, 
b. Paragraph a. also applies to track systems on the property, 
c. At the property boundary, all drainage lines are laid out with a well as a transfer 
station. The property owner is responsible, including permanent maintenance and 
care and self-monitoring, 
d. From this transfer well, it should be possible for the drainage on the owner's own 
premises to be fed to an infiltration system, 
e. If the land is sold, the old owner remains responsible until he has informed the 
authorities of a new responsible person and this person has signed the agreement,  
f. Regular monthly samples and / or values are handed over to the authorities without 
being asked (penalties are stipulated according to the Administrative Offences Act 
(OWiG)), 
g. The wells are continuously inspected by the local authorities; they are to be given 
free access at all times, 
h. ECO paving is to be laid wherever possible in accordance with legal requirements, 
i. The safe infiltration of clean water on one's own property has priority, 
 
 
7. requirements for the utility connections of the commercial area 
 
The following documents shall be prepared 
a. How is the connection of the power supply incl. the feed from the e.g. solar systems 
(roofs, car park roofs, walls, etc.), 
b.  how is the water supply connected? 
c.  how is the gas supply connected? 
d.  how sewage disposal is connected, 
e.  how is the rainwater disposal connected? 
f.  how will the telephone and internet supply, including free WLAN, be connected? 
g.  what costs will be incurred for the expansion. 
h. Is the expansion possible on schedule? 
 
 
8. cost perspective 
 
The following documents shall be prepared: 
a. Presentation of the exact costs of the required infrastructure costs, new road 
constructions including the engineering structures (bridges, tunnels), as well as the 
extensions of the infrastructure including all utility connections and the footpaths 
and cycle paths. 
b. Proof of the costs for public transport connections, stops and lines, construction and 
maintenance, 
c. Proof of the total running costs for the municipality per year, 
d. Proof of the costs for traffic routing and the associated problems for nature, the 
climate and residents, for construction and maintenance. 
e. Proof of the costs for the provision of the compensation areas, construction and 
maintenance over the term of the commercial area. 
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9. climate perspective 
 
What impact does the industrial estate have on the climate 
 
a. An overview of the impact on the climate of the construction and operation of the 
business park is to be prepared: an ecological footprint. 
b. Pollution caused by increased car and lorry traffic in terms of particulate matter from 
tyre wear, exhaust gases and noise, as well as any drainage problems that may arise, are 
to be presented. Separate for the public areas and the individual operational areas. 
c. How are the huge sealed areas drained and cleaned? 
d. d. How will accidents be covered, according to A61 accident 15.02.2022, (cleaning of 
the LOI asphalt surfaces)? 
e. The compensation areas must be adequately described and proven. It is not enough to 
buy the areas, but they must also be ecologically improved according to the 
specifications in the points catalogue. This is connected with investments and permanent 
maintenance. 
f. The relevant documents and evidence, as well as maps showing the compensation areas, 
are to be published on the municipality's website and at the entrance to the industrial 
estate. This includes the detailed ongoing measures that must be ensured. Evidence is 
documented. 
 
 
  
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Part III Requirements for business premises 
 
1. basic requirement for the ownership structure 
 
The industrial sites are to be leased so that they remain the property of the municipality. This is a loss 
for the budget, but in the long run the land remains in the ownership of the municipality and the 
municipality can always react accordingly to new environmental requirements or environmental 
problems. Furthermore, the 1st or 2nd floor, (as with residential buildings) can be used more 
easily. Build over the buildings, the halls, the parking spaces and the traffic areas. (Gem. 3.1) 
 
 
2. general requirements for interested parties of a business premises 
 
Some of the following description can be entered in the development plans as binding 
specifications. e.g. plantings, solar installations and boundary installations.  
 
Interested parties should provide the following evidence for the construction of a farm site: 
 
1.  low CO2 construction and maintenance, with indication of CO2 values, 
2.  production of the farms according to cradle to cradle until demolition, updating of 
the documentation of all changes, and ongoing maintenance work, 
3.  DGNB certification of planning and construction, 
4.  green building certification, 
5.  recycling of building components, 
6.  technological leadership through lead investments. 
 
 
3.  requirements for the land areas, traffic areas, green areas and boundary installations 
 
1.  the business premises must create and continuously maintain a planting strip along 
the fence with a width of at least 4.50 m, so that even large trees have sufficient root 
protection (according to RAS-LP 4, Figure 7, page 23), 
2.  parallel to the property boundary along the public green space, large-crowned 
deciduous trees with a trunk circumference of at least 16 - 18 cm are to be planted 
and maintained at a distance of 2.0 m as a single row of trees with a spacing of up to 
12.0 m; any trees that are lost are to be replaced in an equivalent manner, 
3.  Water areas, as natural as possible, can / should be created and must be maintained 
at least twice a year, 
4.  For each employee, at least 20 square metres of green areas, recreational areas with 
circular paths are to be created and maintained at least twice a year, with seating 
and smaller shelters and exercise equipment, etc. These are to be adapted to the 
needs of the employees on an ongoing basis, 
5.  all planting strips, tree grates and green areas are to be extensively planted with 
shrubs suitable for the location and at least one single tree in accordance with the 
planting list, 
6.  it must not be possible to drive over tree grates and other green areas and they must 
be secured accordingly with kerbstones, boulders, tree trunks, shrubs or similar, with 
the exception of paths. 
 
 
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3.1 Sketches for operational buildings and the use in floors 
 
Our resources on earth are finite. Conclusion: we must be much more sparing with the land.  
land more sparingly.  
If new commercial areas are needed, the existing commercial areas should first be examined to see 
if the 1st or 2nd floor, (as with residential buildings) can be used. 
Here is a picture from Stuttgart: 
A huge multi-storey car park above the 6-lane motorway. It could also be a factory building.
 STUTTGART, Deutschland - 22. April 2017: Riesige Bosch in Stuttgart Airport Parking Garage Briefe. Bosch ist eine deutsche multinationale 
Ingenieurskunst und auserwählten Stockfotografie - Alamy 
 
Here are some sketches of how commercial areas can also be built up in the 2nd level: 
  
   
Here is a reference to truck lifts for the 2nd level: 
SERAPID - Außergewöhnlicher LKW-Aufzug in Korea - YouTube 
 
So that trucks can also be transported to the 2nd level for loading and unloading.

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3.2  Sketches for a company plot 
 
An example of the use of a company site over two levels with paths, parking spaces and green 
areas. As far as possible, eco-paving should be used. 
  
 
4. requirements for parking spaces and places for deliveries 
 
1.  delivery by trucks may only be made in 45 degree directions to seal less area, 90 degree 
orientation is not permitted, 
  
2. unused manoeuvring areas are to be doubled and developed as planting areas, so that 
tree discs with a circular 2.50 m distance to the bark become possible, 
3. parking spaces are also to be created only at 45 degrees, as in point 1, 
4. parking spaces are to be created with a minimum width of 3.20 m for cars and 3.70 m for 
trucks. (Vehicle 2.10 + 1.10 width, "Dooring" (according to Neufert), 
5. elevated garages and paternoster garages should be examined in order to seal less areas, 
6. rows of parking spaces should begin and end with a tree slice of at least 5.50 m in 
diameter; furthermore, a tree slice of at least 5.50 m in diameter or width should be 
created after every 4 parking spaces, 
7. sufficient and expandable e-charging parking spaces are to be provided,

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8. bicycle parking spaces shall be provided for at least 70% of the employees, and the 
security and weather protection of the bicycles shall be guaranteed. Freight bikes, 
tricycles and bicycle trailers shall be taken into account. 8,  
9. bicycle towers can be planned, 
10. bicycle parking spaces for guests and customers are to be provided separately from those 
for employees, with the same requirements, as per point 10, 
11. charging points for bicycles are to be provided for 70% of the parking spaces. The 
corresponding billing modalities are to be clearly indicated, if necessary in several 
languages.  
12.  offer repair facilities as well as information on workshops in the vicinity. 
 
 
5. building precautions flood protection 
 
For precautionary protection against damage due to heavy rainfall events, the corresponding 
building precautions are to be taken. In the course of the development, the public traffic and 
path areas are to be bordered laterally by edging above the road surface. With regard to the 
building plots, all openings of the building structures, such as house entrances, cellar light 
shafts, stairs to the cellar and terrace accesses, are to be secured accordingly, taking into 
account access for the disabled. 
 
 
6. requirements for the boundary fortifications 
 
Boundary fortifications shall first meet the safety requirements of the farm. 
Further regulations are laid down in the municipal by-laws. 
The top and also the bottom of the fencing installations must not have any points, e.g. bar 
fences are to be installed without points. 
Other sharp or pointed parts are not permitted on fencing, gates and doors.  
Boundary fences are to be erected in a stable manner. Where possible, visual protection 
should be achieved with plants. Slips for small mammals such as hedgehogs should remain 
possible. 
 
 
7. requirements for the buildings 
1. green areas of at least 2.00 m are to be created around 
buildings, which also support a green façade, with the 
exception of delivery areas. The maintenance of the 
facades is to be taken into account, 
2. buildings from a height of approx. 10 m shall be 
provided with a surrounding plantable balcony or a 
setback of at least 2.50 m depth incl. irrigation system, 
plantable with shrubs of up to 2.00 m in size and 
sufficient natural lighting, 
3. the roof areas are to be equipped with solar systems in 
accordance with the respective LBauO, in accordance 
with the B-Plan, the remaining areas or areas that 
cannot be used for solar systems are to be laid out as 
green areas, with shrubs up to 2.00 m in height and 
permanently maintained; proof of irrigation is to be 
provided.,

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18 
 
4. with special consideration of the architecture, suitable, 
in particular large-area exterior walls of structural 
facilities, are to be planted with tall, perennial climbing 
plants, 
5. all waste containers and communal waste facilities 
placed outside buildings shall be permanently greened 
by means of a visual screen in the form of a pergola or 
trellis construction using climbing and/or climbing 
plants. 
  
 
8. requirements for footpaths and cycle paths within the company premises 
 
1.  barrier-free footpaths separated from motorised traffic must be laid out and marked 
throughout from the entrance on the street to the building entrances, 
2.  cycle paths separated from motorised traffic, also for cargo bicycles and tricycles, 
must be marked throughout from the street to the bicycle parking spaces or delivery 
areas, including pictograms, 
3.  footpaths and cycle paths from the parking spaces to the building entrance are to be 
marked separately and continuously, 
4.  crossings or junctions between motorised traffic and the footpaths and cycle paths 
are always to be designed as zebra crossings with a width of at least 2.50 metres.

Guideline for additional requirements for industrial estates

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